World Conservation Congress Motion 53: Vote Yes to Support Protection for 30% of the Ocean

Richard Brooks for The Pew Charitable Trusts

Almost 90 percent of fish stocks are fully exploited or overexploited.

Overview

From the heat of the equator to the deep chills of the North and South poles, the ocean binds the planet together. Making up more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface, it is home to innumerable species great and small and is a critical source of food that also provides tens of billions of dollars in economic benefits to countless stakeholders.

But the ocean as we know it is increasingly at risk: Almost 90 percent of fish stocks are fully exploited or overexploited.¹ Deep-sea mining could start within the next decade and potentially cause extensive environmental damage. Marine debris is polluting massive areas, and carbon dioxide emissions are making the world’s waters warmer and more acidic.²

Marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly fully protected marine reserves where all fishing and other extractive or damaging uses are banned, can help safeguard the ocean from many human activities, conserve species and habitats, and build ecosystem resilience. 

The United Nations’ Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010 set a target to conserve at least 10 percent of coastal and marine areas by 2020 (known as Aichi Biodiversity Target 11), and in 2015 the UN also adopted this percentage as part of its Sustainable Development Goals. But the recommendation from the “Promise of Sydney” outcome document from the 2014 World Parks Congress is that governments set aside at least 30 percent of marine habitat in MPAs, and recent science has backed up this larger target number.

“Effective Coverage Targets for Ocean Protection,” a 2016 review of previous studies on MPAs, published in the peer-reviewed journal Conservation Letters, found that evidence supports conservation for at least 30 percent of the ocean in MPAs in order to protect biodiversity, preserve ecosystem services, and achieve socioeconomic priorities.³

With the theme “Planet at the Crossroads,” this year’s IUCN World Conservation Congress has an opportunity to encourage action to protect 30 percent of the world’s ocean. Motion 53 urges States “to include at least 30 percent of each marine habitat in a network of MPAs with the ultimate aim of creating a fully sustainable ocean, at least 30 percent of which has no extractive activities,” by 2030.

Achieving this 30 percent goal could be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, by:

• States committing to designate at least 30 percent of their national waters as MPAs by 2030;
• States engaging constructively in establishing MPAs in areas beyond national jurisdiction, through the development of a new global instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and through the adoption of new and existing proposals at the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources; and
• IUCN State Members calling on the CBD Secretariat to initiate the process for achieving a post-Aichi target of 30 percent of coastal and marine areas fully protected by 2030.

Eliminating harmful human activities in more of the ocean can help build resilience to climate change, boost fisheries productivity, and help protect traditional cultures closely linked to the sea. At the same time, these efforts help to conserve valuable biodiversity.

Members of the IUCN World Conservation Congress should adopt Motion 53 and encourage all governments to protect 30 percent of the ocean—in both State waters and on the high seas—to help ensure the future health of our oceans. 

Endnotes