The Cost of a Two-Tiered Election in Arizona

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Arizona election officials are planning to provide two types of ballots for the next election following an opinion by the state’s attorney general. In the most populous county, Maricopa, this change could cost an additional $250,000 per federal election cycle.

The opinion by Attorney General Tom Horne came in response to questions from Arizona Secretary of State Ken Bennett regarding a 2013 U.S. Supreme Court decision, Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona Inc. The court ruled 7-2 that Arizona could not require proof of citizenship from people using the federally provided national mail voter registration form but upheld a state law requiring proof of citizenship for registrants using the state form.

Horne’s opinion concludes that, under Arizona law, voters who used the federal registration form and did not prove their citizenship must be issued a ballot showing only federal races. Registrants who documented their citizenship, however, would be issued a ballot with all federal, state, and local races on it. Under the two-tiered system, each jurisdiction must print all ballots in two forms—one with only federal races and one with all races.

Election officials in Maricopa County, where more than 1.9 million of the state’s 3.2 million registered voters live, analyzed the cost and logistics of such a two-tiered voting system and estimated that it will cost at least an additional $250,000, and probably more, during the 2014 primary and general elections. The county has budgeted $3.5 million to $4 million for the 2014 election cycle.

More detailed data provided by county election staff demonstrate that:

• Setting up and printing dual ballots for the primary election—for which 3,620 ballot styles already are necessary to accommodate 724 precincts and five recognized political parties—will cost nearly $190,000.
• Similarly, printing dual ballots for the general election will cost the county almost $40,000.
• Sending an informational letter to the nearly 1,000 county voters affected by the decision will cost $5,000.

According to the county, other costs not included in these estimates will push the total over $250,000. These include:

• Printing ballots in every style for pre-election testing and duplication.
• Changing voter look-up tools, identifying federal-only voters, and restricting their ability to request ballots in local races.
• Hiring more staff for ballot design, proofing, and testing.
• Providing extra training for poll workers and Election Day troubleshooters.
• Processing more provisional ballots.

A similar two-tiered voting system is also likely to be implemented in Kansas.

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