The Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative

The decisions that state and local governments make today about how to invest their limited resources will dramatically shape our nation’s future. The Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative, a project of The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, works with states and localities to develop the tools policymakers need to identify and fund effective programs that yield high returns on investment. Using innovative and customizable methods, Results First partners learn to:

• Create an inventory of currently funded programs.
• Review which programs work.
• Conduct benefit-cost analysis to compare programs’ likely return on investment.
• Use evidence to inform spending and policy decisions.

Taken together, these efforts have helped leaders improve public outcomes, reduce costs, and increase accountability by ensuring that resources are directed toward effective, cost-beneficial approaches.

Four steps in the Results First process

1. Create an inventory of currently funded programs. A comprehensive program list enables policymakers to identify wasteful spending and support approaches that produce tangible results. Results First partners begin their work by developing a detailed program inventory that includes information on design, costs, capacity, and populations served.

A state like Mississippi will always have needs that outpace our available resources, and having data to accurately predict what we can get out of our finite resources makes a tremendous difference. Results First has allowed us to take a step back, evaluate the programs that we are funding in a particular policy area, and then see if those programs are actually evidence-based.Mississippi state Representative Toby Barker (R-District 102)

2. Review which programs work. Rigorous research studies have tested the effectiveness of many public programs and identified those that are most likely to generate results. In order to expand the use of these evidence-based approaches, partners use information gleaned from their program inventory and from national evaluations to categorize how well programs achieve their desired outcomes. The Results First Clearinghouse Database, an online collection of information from eight national clearinghouses that conduct independent, transparent, systematic, and rigorous reviews of available research, helps state and local partners quickly review available research and assess the rated effectiveness of their programs.

3. Conduct benefit-cost analysis to compare programs’ likely return on investment. Information on how the cost of a new opportunity compares with its short- and long-term effects is critically important in any major budget or policy decision, yet these data are often in short supply. Thanks to intensive technical assistance, Results First partners collect cost information on their programs and services to customize a benefit-cost model that estimates a return on investment for each assessed program. The Washington State Institute for Public Policy developed this model, which includes modules on criminal and juvenile justice, pre-K through 12th-grade education, child welfare, mental health, substance abuse, and public health.

The beauty of the Results First approach is that it is very open and transparent. Everything that we fund must meet a high standard, and providers receive the tools they need to meet that standard. There are no surprises.Executive Deputy Commissioner Michael C. Green, New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services

4. Use evidence to inform spending and policy decisions. Information gleaned from the previous steps enables governments to make more informed policy and budget decisions, such as reducing or eliminating programs that are shown to produce poor outcomes or that lack sufficient evidence of effectiveness, and shifting funds to alternatives that can achieve better outcomes. Results First staff members help partner states and counties interpret results and develop reports and briefs that explain findings to policymakers.

Results First: An approach that works

Since 2011, the Results First Initiative has partnered with states and counties across the country to create tools that help guide investments in proven policies and programs. The Results First approach has helped our partners:

• Systematically analyze data and make decisions based on evidence, rather than anecdote.
• Target funding to evidence-based programs and develop alternatives to ineffective options.
• Transcend partisan gridlock in enacting effective responses to major challenges and opportunities.
• Secure outside funding to support effective interventions.
• Enact legislation to enable evidence-based policymaking.
• Monitor programs’ fidelity to their original design and their performance against set targets.

You never have enough resources to do everything you wish you could. We can make better choices for our community when we use empirical information rather than gut instinct.Chief Administrative Officer Susan Mauriello, Santa Cruz County, California